News
To keep everyone in the 4D Printing Society up to date, we constantly look for the latest articles and publications that have interest. When we find them, we will provide access to them for our members.
This will include links to external articles with an extract to identify the subject matter and articles published here by members of the 4D Printing Society.

Knowledge Mapping of 4D Printing Technologies in Computer Engineering
With the aim of a scientometric review, a group of researchers from India recognizes the recent research hotspots, trends, and worldwide scope of 4D printing

4D Printed Multifunctional Composites with Cooling-Rate Mediated Tunable Shape Morphing
Smart materials including liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) and shape memory polymers (SMP) have long been used as the primary components of multifunctional composites because of

What Measurement Setup is Required for SMP Characterizations in 4D Printing?
Rytis Mitkus and his team from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, demonstrated the 4D printing of conductive PLA (CPLA) into the SMP structure, which

What is Heterogenous 4D Printing? What is the Most Favorable Stimulation in 4D Printing?
Fredric Demoly and his team proposed and answered the term along with more attractions and limitations of 4D printing in “Roadmapping 4D Printing through Disruptive

How to 4D Print Natural Fibers? What is Hygromorph Biocomposite 4D Printing?
Prof. Antoine Le Duigou and David Correa outlined biomimetic methods used for the design and fabrication of 4D printed natural fiber composite actuators, such as

“Smart Materials in Additive Manufacturing” Book Series Available Now!
Smart materials in additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive and multi-disciplinary research direction that demands more than one book, author, or discipline to talk about

Parametric Visco-hyperelastic Constitutive Modeling of Functionally Graded 3D Printed Polymers
Grayscale masked vat photopolymerization (MSLA) 3D printing enables the fabrication of graded structures from a single material, overcoming a major limitation of vat photopolymerization methods.

Multi-Color 3D Printing via Single-Vat Grayscale Digital Light Processing
Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a high-resolution, high-speed additive manufacturing method that builds 3D parts by selectively curing photopolymerizable resins layer-by-layer. To achieve multi-color DLP

1.5 Million Euros ERC Starting Grant 2021 to Dr. Giulia Scalet
Dr. Giulia Scalet, a member of the 4D Printing Society’s Senior Board of Directors, was awarded a 1.5 million euro Starting Grant by the European Research Council for her project CoDe4Bio (COmputational DEsign for 4D BIOfabrication: harnessing programmable materials for dynamic pre-clinical cancer models).

The Vicious Side of 4D Printing: Physical Logic Bombs and Mitigation Strategies
4D printing, thus far, has shown useful applications in domains such as aerospace, automotive, and medical. In recent work, a novel class of stealthy attacks

Machine learning-evolutionary algorithm enabled design for 4D-printed active composite structures
4D printing technology allows for complex material distributions in voxelized structures, offering enormous design flexibility for shape-transforming materials. However, the tremendous design space due to

Composite springs and stiffeners made using 4D printing
The concept of 4D printing is used in recent works by Suong Van Hoa, to develop complex composite springs and stiffeners without the need for